3. BACKGROUND PAPERS PRESENTED TO THE CONFERENCE

• Mohamed M.A. Salih: Tribal Militias, SPLA/SPLM and the Sudanese State: "New Wine in Old Bottles"
  • Introduction
  • The emergence of the tribal militias
  • Retribalization and the shrinking modern political arena
  • The Evidence
  • The tribal militia and peace-making: The flask and the monster thesis
  • References

• SPLM/SPLA, Dept. of Information: On the New Sudan
  • Introduction
  • Content of the New Sudan
  • Mechanism for formation of the New Sudan

• Ahmed Ibrahim Diriage: A New Political Structure for the Sudan
  • A new political structure for the Sudan
  • The necessity for decentralization
  • Decentralization and regional self government in practice
  • A federal solution; the decentralization of political power
  • A federal structure for the Sudan
  • The states
  • The division of powers between the national authorities and the state authorities
  • A federal sheme for the Sudan
  • Scheme for a federal costitution

• Hamad O. Bagadi: A Review of the Peace Efforts since April 1985
  • Phase I (April 1985 - April 1986)
  • Phase II (Oct. 1986 - Oct. 1988)
  • Phase III (November 1988)
  • Conclusion

4. CONCLUDING REMARKS: REFLECTIONS ON THE BERGEN CONFERENCE

• Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed

• Rex Sean O'Fahey

• Mohamed A.M. Salih

5. ANNEXES:

1. Press Release from the Bergen Forum on the Management of Crisis in the Sudan

2. The Koka Dam Declaration March 24th 1986

3. The National Islamic Front: Sudan Charter
   • First: religious affiliation and the nation
   • Second: ethnicity and nationhood
   • Third: the region and the country
   • Peace, transition and constitution

4. The Addis Ababa Peace Forum - Struggle for Peace and Democracy
   - A joint statement by the Sudan African Parties, SPLM/SPLA and Anya-Nya (2)

5. Kampala Quest for Peace Communique by Sudan African Parties and SPLM/SPLA

6. Nairobi Search for Peace Communique - by The Sudan African Parties and the SPLM/SPLA

7. The Addia Ababa Peace Forum
   - Joint Communique by the Delegations of the Union of the Sudan African Parties and the SPLM/SPLA

8. Sudan's Peace Initiative: A Working Paper for Peace: The Prime Minister
   • Introduction
   • The Peace Process
   • Internal Developments
   • The working paper for peace

9. The SPLM/SPLA's Position on the Peace Process
   • Introduction
   • The SPLM/SPLA quest for peace
   • The SPLM/SPLA's peace proposal

10. DUP/SPLA: The Sudanese Peace Initiative

11. Ambo Workshop on Sudan: Problems and Prospects
    • Preamble
    • Contemporary historical stage and the national democratic revolution
    • Problems of national formation and power structure
    • Economy and society
    • Conclusion